Despite the fact the Freud never met Anna O., her story served as the basis for the 1895 book, Studies on Hysteria, which he co-authored with Breuer. called his treatment the “talking cure” (Launer, 2005). and discovered that allowing her to talk about her experiences seemed to bring some relief of her symptoms. He spent 2 years (1880–1882) treating Anna O. In Freud’s day, these symptoms were commonly referred to as hysteria. had been caring for her dying father when she began to experience symptoms such as partial paralysis, headaches, blurred vision, amnesia, and hallucinations (Launer, 2005). During this time, Freud became intrigued by the story of one of Breuer’s patients, Bertha Pappenheim, who was referred to by the pseudonym Anna O. In the early years of his career, Freud worked with Josef Breuer, a Viennese physician. However, Freud was the first to systematically study and theorize the workings of the unconscious mind in the manner that we associate with modern psychology. There was no such thing as a degree in psychology at the time that he received his education, which can help us understand some of the controversy over his theories today. When reading Freud’s theories, it is important to remember that he was a medical doctor, not a psychologist. Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) is probably the most controversial and misunderstood psychological theorist.
280-292 republished in The Collected Papers of Roger Money-Kyrle. Munsterberger (eds.) Psychoanalysis and Culture. London: Heinemann.Ĭharacter in Germany’, in G.
Money-Kyrle (eds.) New Directions in Psycho-Analysis.Īnd the psychoanalytical process’. Sublimation and its relation to processes of internalization’. Fornari Spoto (ed.) Recovery of the Lost Good Object. International Journal of Psychoanalysis.Ħ6: 273-281 republished in G. Loneliness is increased by a harsh superego.Īgainst depressive anxiety’, in D. Klein removes the terrifying internal figures from the superego and places them in the deep unconscious.ġ963 Klein, M. ‘On the development of mental functioning’. Idea of an envious superego introduced.ġ958 Klein, M. Depressive position thought to modify the extreme severity of the superego.ġ957 Klein, M. ‘Some theoretical conclusions regarding the emotional life of the infant’. Dual aspect of the superego clearly stated.ġ952 Klein, M. ‘A contribution to the psychogenesis of manic-depressive states’.Ī description is given of the defences employed at the threshold of theĭepressive position to meet the demand for repair from a persecutoryġ948 Klein, M. Instinctual impulse (death instinct fused with libido) in which one partġ935 Klein, M. The superego is described as being formed by a division in the ‘The early development of conscience in the child’. Summary of Freud’s views on the super-ego.ġ933 Klein, M. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. ‘The dissection of the psychical personality’.
Idea of the superego originating in the death instinct is introduced.ġ933 Freud, S. ‘Early stages of the Oedipus conflict and of superego formation’. Normal supergo thought to consist of multiple internal (part-) objects’.ġ932 Klein, M. ‘Personification in the play of children’. Pregenital stages of superego described.ġ929 Klein, M. Unconscious guilt linked to the idea of a harsh superego.ġ928 Klein, M. ‘Criminal tendencies in normal children’. Superego thought to be a ‘highly resistant product, at heart unalterable’.ġ927b Klein, M. Introjected hostile mother described as the basis of early persecutory superego.ġ927a Klein, M. ‘The psychological principles of early analysis’. Relationship between death instinct and sadistic superego explored.ġ926 Klein, M. Introduction of the term ‘super-ego’.ġ924 Freud, S.
#Harsh superego full
Reading list: Superego Key papers by Klein and Freudįor full references for Melanie Klein’s works see Melanie Klein’s publications.ġ923 Freud, S.
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